Intelligence tests are often used in diagnostic psychological assessments in a variety of fields. The importance of intelligence tests in terms of education emerges at the point of determining whether students can benefit from the education at school. Therefore, intelligence tests have gained importance in terms of making instructional adaptations suitable for students' cognitive performance. Additionally, in this process, one must first pay attention to whether the measurement instrument used is valid and reliable. Another crucial point is what intelligence tests actually measure. Examining the theoretical foundations of the tests and understanding the cognitive functions that contemporary intelligence tests aim to measure will ensure effective and accurate interpretation of intelligence test results. There are many intelligence tests in the literature. Intelligence tests have been developed on different theoretical frameworks. Researchers have examined intelligence from various perspectives. Among these perspectives, two significant approaches that form the theoretical basis for many contemporary intelligence tests and have gained scientific acceptance are the factor-analytic and information-processing perspectives. The fundamental theories that explain intelligence from a factor-analytic perspective serve as the foundation for many intelligence tests today. Among these theories, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory is the most widely accepted. Each intelligence test based on these different perspectives also has a distinct structure in terms of content and response format. Intelligence tests include interpretations aimed at understanding cognitive abilities rather than obtaining a score-based result and classifying individuals according to these numerical values. In this respect, understanding the theoretical frameworks and psychometric properties of intelligence tests is important in the process of interpreting the test results. The aim of this study is to analyze the theoretical structure of intelligence tests and to compare the relationship between intelligence theories and intelligence tests. As a result of the study, it was determined that factor analytic theories are the most frequently used approach in current intelligence tests.

Intelligence, intelligence theory, intelligence scale